Having a loose tooth as an adult is not normal and is a sign that something is wrong. Unlike children, where loose teeth are a natural part of development, a loose tooth in adults indicates an underlying problem that should be examined by a dentist. The sooner you seek help, the greater the chance of saving the tooth.
Gum disease — the most common cause
By far the most common cause of loose teeth in adults is gum disease (periodontitis). Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that attacks the tissue and bone that hold the teeth in place. The disease develops gradually and often without you noticing it in the early stages.
Periodontitis starts as gingivitis (gum inflammation), which is caused by the accumulation of plaque and tartar along the gum line. If gingivitis is not treated, the inflammation can spread deeper and begin to break down the gum tissue, connective tissue and jawbone around the teeth.
Symptoms of gum disease
Be aware of the following symptoms that may indicate gum disease:
- Sore, red or swollen gums
- Bleeding from the gums when brushing or flossing
- Receding gums, making the teeth appear longer
- Loose teeth that move or change position
- Persistent bad breath
- Pus between the teeth and gums
- Changes in your bite or how the teeth fit together
Treatment of a loose tooth
Treatment depends on the cause and severity:
- Deep cleaning (periodontal treatment): For gum disease, the dentist will perform a thorough cleaning below the gum line to remove tartar and bacteria from the deep pockets. This is called subgingival scaling and root planing. The treatment helps the gums to heal and tighten around the tooth again.
- Fixation (splinting): In some cases, loose teeth can be stabilised by attaching them to neighbouring teeth with a splint or composite material. This stabilises the tooth while the surrounding tissue heals.
- Tooth extraction: If the tooth is very loose and there is not enough bone or tissue left to support it, extraction may be necessary. The dentist will discuss replacement options such as an implant or bridge.
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Other causes of a loose tooth
Although gum disease is the most common cause, there are other factors that can contribute to loose teeth:
- Teeth grinding (bruxism): Forceful clenching or grinding of the teeth, especially at night, can over time weaken the tooth attachment and lead to loose teeth.
- Trauma or injury: A blow to the mouth or an accident can loosen a tooth from its attachment.
- Stress: Long-term stress can affect the immune system and make the body more vulnerable to infections, including gum disease. Stress can also increase the tendency to grind teeth.
- Hormonal changes: Pregnancy and menopause can affect gum health.
Regardless of the cause, it is important to see a dentist for a thorough examination if you notice that one or more teeth are loose.