What is angular cheilitis?
Angular cheilitis is a condition characterized by red, swollen, cracked, and sore skin at one or both corners of the mouth. The condition can be painful, especially when opening the mouth wide, eating, or talking. Angular cheilitis is relatively common and can affect people of all ages, though it is more prevalent in certain risk groups.
Causes of angular cheilitis
Angular cheilitis occurs when the corners of the mouth become irritated and inflamed. This is often caused by a combination of moisture and infection. When saliva accumulates in the corners of the mouth, it creates a warm, moist environment that is ideal for the growth of fungi (especially Candida) and bacteria. Common causes include:
- Frequent lip licking, which keeps the corners of the mouth moist
- Drooling during sleep
- Ill-fitting dentures that cause the mouth to close improperly
- Loss of vertical bite height due to worn or missing teeth
- Fungal or bacterial infection
Risk factors
Certain factors can increase your risk of developing angular cheilitis:
- Nutritional deficiencies: Deficiency in iron, zinc, or B vitamins (especially B2 and B12) can make the skin at the corners of the mouth more vulnerable.
- Weakened immune system: Conditions such as diabetes, HIV, or immunosuppressive medication can make you more susceptible to infections.
- Dentures: Ill-fitting dentures or dentures that are not properly cleaned can contribute to the condition.
- Dry skin: People with naturally dry skin or conditions like eczema are more prone to cracking at the mouth corners.
- Age: Older adults are more susceptible due to natural skin changes and potential loss of bite height.
Symptoms
Angular cheilitis typically presents with the following symptoms at one or both corners of the mouth:
- Redness and swelling
- Cracks or fissures in the skin
- Crusting or flaking
- Pain, burning, or itching
- Bleeding when opening the mouth wide
Treatment of angular cheilitis
Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the condition:
Dry skin and irritation
If the condition is caused by dry skin or mechanical irritation, keeping the area moisturized with a lip balm or barrier cream (such as petroleum jelly) can help protect the skin and promote healing. Avoid licking your lips, as this can worsen the problem.
Fungal or bacterial infection
If a fungal infection (Candida) is the cause, your dentist or doctor may prescribe an antifungal cream. For bacterial infections, an antibiotic ointment may be needed. In some cases, a combination of antifungal and antibacterial treatment is used.
Dentures
If ill-fitting dentures are contributing to the problem, your dentist can adjust or replace them to ensure a proper fit. Good denture hygiene — including daily cleaning and removing them at night — is also important for preventing recurrence.
Nutritional deficiencies
If a nutritional deficiency is suspected, your doctor may recommend blood tests and appropriate supplementation. Ensuring adequate intake of iron, zinc, and B vitamins through diet or supplements can help resolve the condition and prevent recurrence.
How long does angular cheilitis last?
With proper treatment, angular cheilitis typically improves within one to two weeks. However, the condition can become chronic or recurrent if the underlying cause is not addressed. If you have persistent sores at the corners of your mouth that do not heal, it is important to see a dentist or doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.